Encode special characters into standard percent-encoded hexadecimal format (`%20`, `%26`, `%3F`), or decode percent-encoded URLs back into human-readable web addresses.
URL encoding (percent-encoding) converts reserved and unsafe characters into `%` followed by two hexadecimal digits so they can be safely transmitted over the Internet.
Uses `encodeURIComponent()` and `decodeURIComponent()` wrapped with UTF-8 boundary safety checks.
`%20` is the percent-encoded representation of a standard space character.